Chatbot Sam

I think a common misconception is that citizens (customers) want to have an ‘experience’ when dealing with government agencies. As a customer of a range of agencies what I really want is a pain-free experience that let’s me do what I need to get done in the most expedient manner possible. Get in, get it sorted and get out - as quickly as possible, no experience thanks!

Part of a creating what I refer to as a ‘low friction experience’ is understanding how your customers already utilise online/digital services and slipstreaming in as much as possible with that. The idea of meeting the customer where they are at, rather than setting up another whole new channel for them to engage with.

We know the majority of our customers are part of one or multiple social network platforms. We also know that most of them would list ‘talking to another person on the phone’ as one of their least preferred ways of getting anything done. Based on that it makes solid sense for us to develop a chatbot interface we can deploy on the various social network platforms.

Enter Sam - Sam is our self-service chatbot which provides some very basic functionality but due to the magic of cloud only took hours (not days or months) to set up. Sam is currently in early beta but can help you look up your student number, reset your password and provide you with information on the exam and results publication timetable.

Sam is built on a combination of Amazon’s Lex and Lambda services. Lex provides the chatbot front end whilst Lambda does the behind the scenes functions like interacting with the database hosted on AWS to look up student numbers and other information. We have currently deployed Sam on the Facebook platform meaning it integrates seamlessly with Facebook pages and works on both desktop and mobile devices.

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Sam is a pretty basic chatbot - it works based on key terms and rules - however it provides some really good self-service functionality given that it took just a few hours to set up.

The next iteration of Sam will combine Natural Language Understanding (NLU), Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Machine Learning to provide a much richer set of functionality as well as the ability to learn from the conversations it has. We also intend to use Amazon Poly to support Speech Input.

For me Sam re-enforces the power of the Cloud. Five years ago the investment required - and lead times to implement - would have probably seen the idea dead in the water. Today we can deliver a whole new friction-less channel to our customers in a matter of hours.

We are shifting away from running technology to delivering digital services and that’s the exciting opportunity for organisations who are ready and willing to embrace the Cloud.

CEOs need to be challenging their CIOs and IT departments to deliver these same sorts of customer-focused solutions; I’m convinced that will move the cloud adoption conversation forward in most organisations that may be ‘stuck’ in the enterprise IT paradigm.

New Zealand Digital Manifesto

Many people (myself included) have long argued that New Zealand needs a national digital strategy given the ever increasing role technology is playing in NZ’s export market.

“The IT services sector makes a significant contribution to our economy. In 2016, more than 11,000 IT firms, employed 29,700 people and contributed $3.6 billion dollars to New Zealand’s GDP" according to economic development minister Simon Bridges.

Rod Drury has long been an advocate of the creation of a Chief Technology Officer (CTO) role for New Zealand. I agree that focused technology leadership is required to accelerate progress but I’m not convinced whether it should be one person or a group of experts in various fields (AI, VR/AR, cloud etc.) given the speed & breadth at which technology is growing.

The current Government CIO (based out of the Department of Internal Affairs) has had a very agency-centric focus, working with government departments on lifting their ICT capabilities. It would be fair to say the current GCIO has focused on procurement and cost savings (mostly cost avoidance) whereas what we are talking about here is a focus on forward strategy and accelerating growth in both the private and public sector.

I propose that no matter what structure we adopt we will need is a New Zealand Digital Manifesto (working title) to provide everyone with an anchoring plan to set the direction of travel, inform where we put our resources/efforts and how we measure progress. It’s an idea I started working on a few months ago - and got input from a bunch of people at the time - but was overtaken by other events.

With the new government coming in, and its commitment to ICT growth, now is the ideal time to pick up the Manifesto and see it through to forming a complete plan for NZ Inc.

You can find a working draft of the NZ Digital Manifesto here -> http://zawilski.co.nz/nz-digital-manifesto

I’d love to hear your views on the idea and how we could take this forward to see it through to delivering a national ICT plan to accelerate the growth of New Zealand’s ICT sector and exports.

Next Gen Digital Execs

It’s a conversation I’ve heard so many times before. The executive says: ”I don’t understand technology and don’t want to; I’m interested in the business outcomes.” The technology manager laments that the executive doesn’t get technology even though the whole business runs on technology and things come to a grinding halt whenever systems go down.

The interesting, and crucial, point which both of those perspectives miss is that in fact digital business isn’t about technology at all. It’s about what technology can enable the business to achieve. The governance & management models that were used to manage machinery & plant in the industrial age don’t work in the digital age because technology and business today as synonymous.

There are very few businesses today that aren’t reliant on technology for their everyday operations and yet there are still so many executives & directors around that wear the ‘I don’t understand technology badge’ like it’s something to be proud of. For me it shows a lack of awareness and understanding of digital business. It’s a bit like saying ‘I don’t get that balance sheet thing’.

A few years ago technology adoption was seen as a choice with most executives seeing technology as an ‘opportunity’ but the speed of disruption has overtaken this to the point where digital transformation is no longer a choice, its an imperative. Organisations that aren’t equipped for Digital Transformation are being increasingly marginalised. The problem is that many don’t see it coming due to a lack of digital governance and literacy.

Now I’m not for a moment suggesting that executives & directors should all be fixing their own laptops before taking up their roles but they need to be aware of what technology means for the organisations they are leading and directing. Digital business and technology doesn’t stand still for a nanosecond and so what’s even more important than that understanding is the ongoing commitment to growing and expanding their knowledge of digital business as it evolves.

Transformation is incredibly uncomfortable - it takes existing skills, knowledge & assets and unsettles them, often greatly diminishing their value almost overnight. That applies not only to processes, facilities and materials but to people. Just like the way we do business needs to be constantly changing & evolving so do the people & skills leading those businesses.

The way we govern & manage needs to be in step with how we do business (digital) and the assets (technology) we use to deliver products & services to our customers. Using industrial age governance is never going to help an organisation succeed and thrive in the digital world.

The corporate and public sector landscape is littered with failed projects with countless reviews pointing to ‘governance’ as the most common reason for failure. I suggest it’s not that there is a lack of governance - most projects I have reviewed have arguably been over governed - but that the governance being used is wrong. It’s a bit like trying to hammer in nails with a wrench just because both are tools - results are likely to be unpredictable and suboptimal.

The next generation of executive needs to be committed to ongoing growth & development - being willing to check what used to work when business was analogue at the door in favour of skills & experiences that businesses need to survive and thrive in the digital age. I’m still perplexed by how few (comparatively) digital executive leadership training and development offerings exist in the market. So often it’s left to Chief Information/Digital/Technology Officers to ‘educate up’ within their organisation as they go.

I would suggest that organisations that will succeed in Digital Business (and its early days) are the ones that recognise and integrate digital & technology competencies into their development programs early, at every level of the organisation including the executive team. Executive leadership development (such as Exec MBAs) need to be re-oriented around doing business in the digital age. With technology automating some many things I would argue there are plenty of opportunities to make space in the curriculum by retiring legacy skills.

Now is also the right time for to seriously consider new management tools such as reverse mentoring, which flips the traditional mentoring model of a executive or older staff member advising a (more seemingly) junior one. Interestingly reverse mentoring has been around since Jack Welch was running GE but few organisations have actually implemented it - I suspect that again this is because it challenges conventional wisdom and views on experience, who has the answers etc.

I would argue that this sort of mentoring arrangement is far more powerful than the traditional model as both parties stand to gain a lot from this arrangement; if both enter the agreement with the right mindset.

The online world is a rich source of business and technology information. Social media provides a rich source of information & insights about your organisation and sector. Chances are your customers are talking online, do you engage with them in an authentic and meaningful way or do you see social media as just another channel to push our your corporate communications (another overhang from the industrial age) and answer basic questions the call centre should be handling? Social media is all about customer engagement so grab a twitter handle and dive in!

And just for the record there is no such thing as a digital strategy - your business strategy should be digital by default. If you take away nothing else from this post then let this be it.

Directors and executives need to have an in-depth understand (on an ongoing basis) of what digital disruption/changes in technology mean for:

  • the products & services they deliver to their customer, and how those are delivered and experienced.
  • their teams and how they continue to re-engineer, re-skill and optimise the way they operate.
  • their operating model and how that need to continue to evolve to remain relevant.

Specific vendors and technologies will come and go over the coming decade and so organisations need to be focusing on building digital capabilities and competencies (starting with digital governance and leadership) to help them not only survive the transformation but thrive & grow through it.

The Fast Eat the Slow

We’re always looking for opportunities to improve the experience our customers have with our products & services.Each year we deliver services to around 160,000+ (mostly) digital natives which presents a whole new set of challenges around the way we design our services and meet ever increasing user expectations.

One thing we learned very early on is that in the modern ‘app economy’ speed to market is more important than ever before. It’s no longer good enough to release major updates two or three times a year - improvements and fixes need to be a steady stream of activity which challenges traditional development and release processes.

We operate on a fortnightly release cycle which in our sector is actually pretty darn good but I know that moving forward that just isn’t going to cut it. We are probably never going to do hundreds or thousands of releases a day (we aren’t Amazon or Facebook) but having the ability to do a daily release feels like a good goal to set ourselves.

To that end we have been investing in automation - putting in place continuous integration/continuous delivery processes & tools as well as test automation. We still have some way to go but we have put in place most of the components required to implement a CI/CD pipeline.

The adoption of cloud technologies has allowed us to see speed from another whole perspective - it’s not about automating & accelerating current processes but rather having the opportunity to re-engineer how we deliver from the ground up. A recent example demonstrated the power of this opportunity for me.

Like many organisations a large chunk of our customer contact via telephone relates to routine tasks (account information, password reset etc.) - the opportunity to automate and streamline these interactions is a no-brainer but if you’ve ever worked with traditional voice/IVR solutions you’ll know they are cumbersome and expensive to set up.

We had a look around at what cloud/SaaS options existed to deliver those services and it just so happens that Amazon Web Services recently released their Connect service which provides basic contact centre/IVR functionality. Using the Connect service (connected up with other AWS services and functionality) we were able to stand up a working solution within just 60 mins! Anyone can ring in and - based on the number they are calling from - can access their account information any time of day or night without the need for any human intervention.

Now what impressed me wasn’t that functionality; that technology has been around for years. No, what impressed me was that it took just 60 minutes from me saying ‘I’ve got this idea…’ to having a working prototype. All at pretty much zero cost, other than people’s ideas and time.

In a world where ‘it’s not the big that eat the small but the fast that eat the slow’ (thanks for the quote Rod) it is this sort of engineering that will give us the best chance of to staying relevant and meeting the expectations and needs of our customers.

I think we will run a hybrid (private and public cloud) environment for the foreseeable future but having cloud-based services which can augment our enterprise platforms means we can dramatically improve our chances of not getting eaten.

Footnote: during the time it took me to write this post the team added a follow up text feature which send the information you heard during the phone call to your phone via SMS - you’ve got to love cloud!